john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree

"No business can be done, some say, because money is scarce", he wrote. Firm but good-humored in his leadership, Witherspoon was very popular among both faculty and students. Philip Stockton, Julia Rush (born Stockton), Susan Stockton, Lucius Stockton, Richard Arthur Stockton, Abigail Field (born Stockton), Mary Stockton, Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, New Jersey Colony, British Colonial America, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, New Jersey Colony, British Colonial America, John Stockton, Abigail Stockton (born Phillips), Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, USA. His parents were James Witherspoon and Anna Walker. On July 1st the colonies, balloting according to a majority of each delegation, approved the Lee resolution by a vote of 9-2, with South Carolina and Pennsylvania opposed, Delaware deadlocked and New York abstaining. Congressmen. valuable signature in the world, outranked only by that of Martin Luther and Button Gwinnett, a Georgia signer of the Declaration of Independence. They were the parents of at least 6 sons and 3 daughters. Annis Boudinot Stockton died February 6, 1801, surviving her beloved Richard by nearly twenty years. The University's Committee on Naming is reviewing a proposal to remove or replace a campus statue of John Witherspoon, an influential figure in the American Revolution who owned slaves during his time as Princeton's president. Ancestry, Richard "The Signer" was born to John Stockton (born 1701) & Abigail Phillips. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing the Crown." In 1766 and 1767, he gave up his law practice for the purpose of visiting England, Scotland, and Ireland. It had been a long and muddy ride from Princeton, they had been caught in a violent thunderstorm, and their clothes were soaking wet. Encyclopedia Table of Contents | Case Collections | Academic Freedom | Recent News, John Witherspoon, an early convert to the Patriot cause, was president of the College of New Jersey (today's Princeton University) and the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. In Washington, D.C. near the Washington Monument there is a memorial park to the signers with 56 granite boulders, each engraved with the name of a signer. Located in Princeton, it promotes the application of fundamental principles of republican government and ordered liberty to contemporary problems through a variety of centers, research programs, seminars, consultations, and publications. He said that "undaunted resolution was displayed on every countenance.". [1] Witherspoon embraced the concepts of Scottish common sense realism, and while president of the College of New Jersey (1768-1794; now Princeton University) became an influential figure in the development of the . I call to God to witness that if any British troops are landed in the County of York, of which I am Lieutenant, I will wait no orders, but will summon the militia and drive the invaders into the sea!". He also served twice in the New Jersey Legislature and strongly supported the adoption of the United States Constitution during the New Jersey ratification debates. He signed the Declaration of Independence, and was a leader in Pennsylvania's ratification of the Constitution in 1788. Politically active, Witherspoon was a delegate from New Jersey to the Second Continental Congress and a signatory to the July 4, 1776, Declaration of Independence. John C. Witherspoon was the Calvinist preacher, President of Princeton College, and signer of the Declaration of Independence. Joseph Hewes of North Carolina was a Quaker with a long pacifist heritage, and for many months he sided with those in Congress who were opposed to independence. His work turned Princeton into the Ivy League school it is today. Constitutional Convention of 1787, including Virginias James Madison, as well as scores of individuals who served as judges and justices, members of Congress, and members of state ratifying conventions. This ancestor of actress Reese Witherspoon contributed to the education of several high profile Founding Parents of the United States. He is particularly interested in the experiences of children in 1765-75. They traveled to Albany, Saratoga, Ticonderoga, and every facility necessary to implement their mission, aided by General Schuler, who commanded the northern army. Witherspoon had suffered eye injuries and was blind by 1792. In November 1778, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. -----------------------------------------------------------------. A presidential visit The exhausted rider was enthusiastically greeted by Thomas McKean and escorted in to the brick building where some 50 to 60 men were about to decide the fate of a continent. Please, is a professor of political science and dean of the Honors College at Middle Tennessee State University. Witherspoon was opposed to the Jacobite rising of 1745-46. When the Crown began to give additional authority to its appointed episcopacy over church affairs, British authorities hit a nerve in the Presbyterian Scot, who saw such events in the same lens as his Scottish Covenanters. "There," he had said after writing his name in large, bold letters. At this point he was twenty. A statue of Richard Stockton by Henry Kirke Brown was dedicated by congressional proceedings in 1888 and placed in Statuary Hall in the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. Stockton is one of only six signers to be so honored. But a declining health and constitution worn out with application and with service obliged him, shortly after, to retire from the line of public duty, and hath at length dismissed him from the world. He was buried at Stony Brook Quaker Cemetery in Princeton, New Jersey among his Quaker ancestors. In March 1777, only two months after Stocktons release, in a letter to British Parliament General Howe wrote at no time had a leading rebel sought pardon. The book His Sacred Honor comes to Stocktons defense against these revisionist writers using rumors and innuendo to spread this false claim against a founding father. He became a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers) and purchased 2000 acres of land in Burlington, New Jersey. New Hampshire delegates voted first because they were from the northernmost colony. Died on November 15, 1794 in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States. "The summer soldier and sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country, but he that stands it now deserves the thanks of man and woman. In the days that followed, copies of the Declaration of Independence was posted throughout the 13 states and read in public places. The Witherspoon Institute is a conservative think tank in Princeton, New Jersey. John Witherspoon would die on his farm near Princeton in 1794 at the age of 71. He also firmed up entrance requirements. Declaration Timeline | George III. 1953. Richard Stockton was betrayed by a loyalist and seized by the British, who subjected him to beatings and starvation. On June 22nd 1778 he invited the American army to encamp on his farm. He was appointed to the royal council of New Jersey in 1765 and remained a member until the government was reformed. Boudinot also served as Director of the Mint, and became the first president of the American Bible Society in 1816. Senators, and 49 U.S. He has published scholarly papers and popular articles for both children and adults. As the College's primary occupation at the time was training ministers, Witherspoon became a leader of the early Presbyterian church in America. John Witherspoon (February 15, 1723 - November 15, 1794) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. 1972Sanderson, John, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. John Penn signed America's first governing document, the Articles of Confederation, as well as the Declaration of Independence. In the months before and after the Declaration of Independence, several states were working on their own constitutions, including New York. New England was unanimously for independence. General Washington ordered that the document be read to each Army brigade on July 9th, and he reported afterwards to Congress on "the expressions and behavior of officers and men testifying their warmest and approbation of it." There is absolutely no proof this occurred. American actress, producer, and entrepreneur, Born on March 22, 1976 Francis Lewis was away when the British ransacked his home, so they seized his wife, treated her brutally, and threw her into prison under foul conditions. Twelve thousand men camped on his fields-during the growing season. John Hart died of kidney stones after a long and very painful suffering. "Give me the cannon," Nelson shouted. In fact, an ancestor, John Witherspoon, signed the Declaration of Independence. This Commonwealth approach was not acceptable to the King, had it been the British could have avoided the war that freed the colonies and deprived the King of the fairest jewel in his crown. He was dispatched on a fact finding tour to the northern army. The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey is named in his honor. John's father was Richard "The Builder" Stockton. Stockton slowly regained his health and returned to his law practice to support his family but later developed cancer. Philip STOCKTON, Rev. Born on February 05, 1723 in Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland , United Kingdom. A week later Stocktons son-in-law and fellow signer Dr. Benjamin Rush wrote At Princeton I met my wifes father who had been plundered of all his household furniture and stock by the British army, and carried a prisoner to New York, from whence he was permitted to return to his family upon parole.. They had ten children, only five surviving to adulthood. In November, 1776, he shut down and then evacuated the College of New Jersey at the approach of British forces. Reverend Samuel Smith succeeded Dr. Witherspoon as president of Princeton in 1775. This is the same day, just the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. [19] In Congress, he was appointed congressional chaplain, and in July 1776, he voted to adopt the Virginia Resolution for Independence. They had eleven children. Lives and fortunes were lost, but their sacred honor was never sacrificed. John Witherspoon stated: "Religion is the grand concern of us all the salvation of our souls is the one thing needful." After his wife died in 1789, John Witherspoon headed up a committee in the New Jersey legislature to abolish slavery. In his lectures on moral philosophy at Princeton, required of all juniors and seniors, Witherspoon argued for the revolutionary right of resistance and recommended checks and balances within government. Stockton was six feet tall, with green eyes and a slender yet powerful build of an accomplished swordsman and horseman. Frances, the youngest daughter, married Dr. David Ramsay, a delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress, on March 18, 1763. If so, login to add it. William J. When Stockton was questioned about America by the secretary of state, he rejoiced that he had nothing to ask of the government and therefore dare speak my sentiments without cringing. Biography by Rev. Stocktons home Morven had been occupied by British General Cornwallis. Collection Overview . The Presbyterian Handbook, Revised Edition - Page 59 [27], Witherspoon was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789[33], Scottish-American Presbyterian Minister (1723-1794). John Witherspoon. His losses cannot amount to less than five thousand pounds. Stocktons library one of the finest in the colonies was burned and he was forced to accept help from his family and friends to survive. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. http://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1233/john-witherspoon, The Free Speech Center operates with your generosity! His efforts helped the Continental Army drive back Lord Cornwallis' army in retreat in 1780. Five months after signing the Declaration, the British burned his library. In addition, part of the Battle of Princeton in 1777 was fought on the college campus the college was so badly damaged that it was closed for several years. Philip Stockton, Susanna Pintard, Oct 1 1730 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Annis Stockton (Signer Of Declaration Of Independence) (born Boudinot), Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, dinot Rush (born Stockton), Mary Stockton, Susan Stockton, Lucius Horatio Stockton, Abigal Field, Abigail Stockton, Stockton, Hon. Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Vol 3, p.115Glynn, His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton a signer of the Declaration of Independence, 2006, page 197Patriots of the American Revolution, May/June 2010, Vol 3, Issue 3. Stockton had the honor of personally presenting to King George III an address of the trustees of the College of New Jersey, acknowledging the repeal of the Stamp Act, and his address was favorably received by the king. Following the war, Witherspoon devoted his life to rebuilding the College. (Painting by Charles Willson Peale, public domain via Wikimedia Commons). Elias Boudinot served his country in many positions during the difficult times of the American Revolution. [23] An inventory of Witherspoon's possessions taken at his death included "two slaves valued at a hundred dollars each".[24]. The signers were public spirited and patriotic citizens who had for years been important in the affairs of their local communities and governments. According to the petition, "paying such honor to someone who participated actively in the enslavement of human beings, and used his scholarly gifts to defend the practice, is today a distraction from . He attended the Haddington Grammar School, and obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. They were pleased to take up the matter with that zeal which the nature of it required and determined to take every step that they might in this endeavor to more effectually and speedily execute the business. New York still abstained, but New Jersey and Pennsylvania voted in the affirmative. It took only a few minutes to complete the signing, and it was agreed not to make the signatures public for six months to give the signers and their families as much time as possible to secure themselves against certain reprisals. That is my defiance. Of his courses, none was more important than Moral Philosophy (a required course), which Witherspoon considered vital for ministers, lawyers, and those holding positions in government (magistrates). When he had backed away from the table, one delegate whispered, "There go a few millions!". On January 3, 1777, General George Washington was directed by Congress to protest against the shocking and inhuman treatment of the honorable Richard Stockton to General William Howe. One of the most active members of the Continental Congress, Witherspoon advocated independence, served on a large number of committees, and authored a number of Resolutions of Prayer and Thanksgiving. An outspoken advocate of American independence, Rodney was exhausted from many months of battling Delaware's Tories while building up and drilling the colony's militia. ", His remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall, where a large audience of citizens, friends and students of the college were in attendance. Her mother, Dr. Mary Elizabeth "Betty" Witherspoon (ne Reese), is from Harriman, Tennessee. Dr. John Witherspoon, President of Princetion University and a signer of the American Declaration of Independence. And like Pictet, Witherspoon was eager to show that the truths of supernatural revelation could be squared with reason. They were the parents of at least 4 sons and 2 daughters. Philadelphia, July 22, 1782. He was turned over to the British and jailed in Perth Amboy first, then sent on to prison in New York. [11] During his two pastorates he wrote three well-known works on theology, notably the satire "Ecclesiastical Characteristics" (1753),[12] which opposed the philosophical influence of Francis Hutcheson.[13]. His fame preceded him and he was received by the most eminent men of the kingdom. (19 February 1756 - 1763), John Knox Witherspoon, Jr. (29 July 1757 - 30 January 1796), Frances Witherspoon (16 August 1759 - 11 November 1784). Elias Boudinot was married to Stockton's sister Hannah Stockton (17361808). Joseph Hewes died in 1779, literally from overwork, a lonely man separated by principle from his Quaker friends and family. Dr. Trevor Colbourn (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1974) 181. Born: February 15, 1723. Richard Stocktons grandson Commodore Robert Field Stockton conquered California, became its first military governor in 1846, and in 1851 served as a Senator from New Jersey. In his Lectures on Divinity, Rev. Norton and Company, Inc.; 1972 page 195:British officers and rebels agreed the proclamation of November 30 had been a failure. Dr. Benjamin Rush wrote "At Princeton I met my wife's father who had been plundered of all his household furniture and stock by the British army, and carried a prisoner to New York, from whence he was permitted to return to his family upon parole. Witherspoon was responsible for its reconstruction after the war, which caused him great personal and financial difficulty. "These are the times that try men's souls," Thomas Paine wrote in COMMON SENSE. He managed to move his family to safety, but was captured and imprisoned by the British. Illinois University LibrariesCorner, George W., The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. The weather was oppressively warm and the room occupied by the delegates was nearby a livery stableThe horse-flies swarmed thick and fierce, alighting on the legs of the members and biting hard through their thin silk stockings. References:Sanderson, Biography of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, page 195, 1831. ref>[1]Sanderson, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, 1823, page 156, 195.Stryker, William S., The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Cambridge. She was a close friend and favorite correspondent of General George Washington. The wife of William Floyd escaped with her children by boat across Long Island Sound into Connecticut and died in 1781 without ever again seeing her home. Witherspoon had declined the appointment as president of the college because his wife was reluctant to emigrate. The British considered his college to be a "seminary of sedition." (Painting by Charles Willson Peale, public domain via Wikimedia Commons) The rebels captured him, imprisoned him in a castle, and threatened to kill him. He was born at Gifford which is the neighbouring parish to the one John Knox was born in. Some of the courses he taught personally were Eloquence or Belles Lettres, Chronology (history), and Divinity. Witherspoon has been described by some historians as being "not a profound scholar" but "an able college president". John Knox Witherspoon (February 5, 1723 - November 15, 1794) was a Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence [1] as a representative of New Jersey. Trustees of Princeton University. It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. ", On July 3rd, Jefferson's draft of the Declaration was submitted to the delegates from the 13 Colonies, and he suffered the pain of all authors at the hands of editors - in this case, half a hundred of them. Her health broke during captivity and Mrs. Lewis died shortly after being released in a 1778 prisoner exchange. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". He became a Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) minister at Beith, Ayrshire, serving there from 1745 to 1758, where he married Elizabeth Montgomery. The Witherspoon Institute is an independent research center that works to enhance public understanding of the moral foundations of free and democratic societies. Occupation President of the College of New Jersey, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1156/john-witherspoon. He was captured there November 30, 1776, by loyalists in the dead of night, drug from his bed and marched in freezing weather clad only in a nightshirt and breeches. His estate, Morven, in Princeton was occupied by General Cornwallis during Stockton's imprisonment; his furniture, all household belongings, crops and livestock were taken or destroyed by the British. [3], Over 12,000 prisoners died in the prison ships and prisons in New York compared to 4,435 soldiers that died in combat over the six years of war. The first complete facsimile printingtext and signatureswas by commissioned by the State Department in 1823. In 1913, a handsome bronze marker was placed at the site by the Sons of the American Revolution. He married (1) 2 Sept. 1748, Elizabeth Montgomerie (1722-1789), daughter of Robert Montgomerie. One of Reese ancestors, John Witherspoon, was one of those who signed the Declaration of Independence. 5/177. HE was involved in New Jersey committees of correspondence, and he also signed the Declaration of Independence and served on over a hundred congressional committees. John later became a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Jimmy Witherspoon, born in Arkansas, was a master of the blues. Two years after his parole from prison he developed cancer of the lip that spread to his throat. by John C. Glynn, Jr. and Kathryn Glynn, 2008, Sources:American Archives. John Witherspoon brought some impressive credentials and a measure of public acclaim with him when he joined the colonies in 1768, as president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton). [22], Witherspoon suffered eye injuries and was blind by 1792. This address, from a person of your refined taste and elegance of expression, affords a pleasure beyond my powers of utterance, and I have only to lament that the hero of your pastoral is not more deserving of your pen; but the circumstance shall be placed among the happiest events of my life. Rev. The males in his family were all clergymen, and he was trained to become a Presbyterian minister. [26] That spring, Phagan took a job with the National Pencil Company, where she earned ten cents an hour operating a knurling machine that inserted rubber erasers into the metal tips of pencils, and worked 55 hours per week. Anna, the eldest daughter, married Reverend Samuel Smith on June 28, 1775. On September 26, 1776, he and fellow signer George Clymer of Pennsylvania were sent on an arduous journey of nearly two months duration to inspect the northern army. The 47 year-old son of a plantation owner, he was first elected to the colonial legislature in 1761, and sent to the first and second Continental Congresses. Witherspoon accepted the impossibility of maintaining public morality or virtue in the citizenry without an effective religion. Another statue stands near Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C., at the intersection of Connecticut Avenue, N Street and 18th Street. Since that period, he hath represented New Jersey in the Congress of the United States. Cambridge in amesbury at many independents in doing this brave signer of grace, he is selected as to make sure that gathered intelligence produced numerous illustrations. He was consulted on the state of American affairs by such notable men as the Marquis of Rockingham with whom he spent a week at his country estate. The office of a judge of the province, was never filled with more integrity and learning than it was by him, for several years before the revolution. Exuberant citizens of Bowling Green, New York hauled down a large equestrian statue of George III and carried it to the Connecticut home of General Oliver Wolcott, a delegate to Congress. Father of Anne Witherspoon Smith; John William Witherspoon; Christian Witherspoon; James Witherspoon; Robert Witherspoon and 8 others; Barbara Witherspoon; John Knox Witherspoon, Jr.; Frances Ramsay; George Witherspoon; Infant Witherspoon; David Witherspoon; Mary Anne Woods and Frances Witherspoon less Related Information | The two remaining sons were bred to professions, and arose to distinction. At the age of four, he could read the Bible. John Knox Witherspoon (1723-1794)clergyman, educator, and founding fatherserved as Princeton's sixth president from 1768 until his death in 1794. Press, 1912), p. 74], Witherspoon was firmly grounded in the Reformed tradition of High to Late Orthodoxy, embedded in the transatlantic Evangelical Awakening of the eighteenth century, and frustrated by the state of religion in the Scottish Kirk. He became an invalid and died at Princeton on February 28, 1781. Washington ordered his forces to withdraw and the Redcoats laid waste to most of the countryside, destroying in the process homes and lands of the four who signed for New York. (Clergyman, Author, Educator). John Witherspoon was the only clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration of Independence. At the urging of Benjamin Rush and Richard Stockton, whom he met in Paisley,[14] Witherspoon finally accepted their renewed invitation (having turned one down in 1766) to become president and head professor of the small Presbyterian College of New Jersey in Princeton. Abraham Clark, the New Jersey signer who was known as "The Poor Man's Counsellor", had two sons - both Army officers - who were captured and accorded barbarous treatment on the hellship 'Jersey'. He immediately began fund-raisinglocally and back home in Scotlandadded three hundred of his own books to the library, and began purchasing scientific equipment including the Rittenhouse orrery, many maps, and a terrestrial globe. Witherspoon and his wife, Elizabeth Montgomery, had a total of 10 children, only five of whom survived to accompany their parents to America. SOURCE: Wikipedia, Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stockton_%28Continental_Congre Caesar Rodney was weary when he reached his plantation near Dover on the night of July 1, 1776. Previously offered for $12M. Stockton was an active and influential member of Congress. That such men were present at the moment of America's birth strongly suggests that the same Divine Providence they invoked in the Declaration of Independence had indeed planned it that way. in New Orleans, Louisiana , United States (46 years), This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: Reese WITHERSPOON (1976), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. Since 2001, a statue of John Witherspoon (1723-1794 . The Board had previously voted not to make the change, but reversed itself after local residents submitted a petition with more than 1,500 signatures and input gathered at two public forums, temporarily changing the name to the Princeton Unified Middle School until a permanent new name is identified. John Penn - John Penn was a self-taught lawyer whose main duty during the Revolutionary War was to keep the North Carolina militia supported with supplies. Unanimity was essential, so Edward Rutledge of South Carolina moved that a final vote be postponed until the following day. There is not a single shoe or stocking to be had in this part of the world, or I would ride a hundred miles thought the woods, and purchase them with my own moneyfor youll consider that the weather here must be different from that in New Jersey; it is very cold now I assure you. ", Steven Hopkins of Rhode Island, the second-oldest signer, was afflicted with palsy. Documents of the American Revolution. After several days of heated debate, final action on Lee's resolution was deferred until July 1st, and men on both sides of the issue used the intervening weeks to lobby for their own positions. Died: November 15, 1794 at 71. Stockton was appointed to committees supporting the war effort. While in London Stockton met with Benjamin Franklin and conferred with London merchants on the issue of paper money by the colonies and an act of Parliament forbidding it. He died February 28, 1781; his remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall and eulogized by the President of the College of New Jersey, Dr. Samuel Smith If what honors this young country can bestow, if many and great personal talents could save man from the graveBehold here the end of all perfectionto have been a son of this college and it was one the first honors of this college to have given birth to such a son a man who has long been foremost in his country, for power, for wisdom, and for fortune Another of the fathers of learning and eloquence is gone. An error has occured while loading the map. From among his students came 37 judges, three of whom made it to the U.S. Supreme Court; 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. While there, on November 30, 1776, he and Covenhoven were captured in the middle of the night, dragged from their beds by loyalists, stripped of their property and marched to Perth Amboy and turned over to the British. 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